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144 records
Snapshot 2026-08-22
Launched 2025
Failed · FailureA NASA smallsat that was to map water on the Moon from polar orbit, lost when contact failed hours after launch.
Launched 2023
Completed · Partial SuccessA Japanese pinpoint-landing demonstration that touched down close to its target but came to rest with its solar panels facing the wrong way.
Launched 2023
Failed · FailureRussia's first lunar mission since 1976, targeted at the south polar region and lost when communications ceased days after launch.
Launched 2023
Completed · SuccessIndia's successful lunar landing, which set the Vikram lander down in the south polar region and deployed a rover onto the surface.
Launched 2022
Failed · FailureA commercial Japanese technology demonstration lander, built by ispace, that reached lunar orbit but was lost during its descent to the surface.
Launched 2022
Failed · FailureA NASA CubeSat intended to look for surface ice in permanently shadowed lunar craters, ended early by problems with its thrusters.
Launched 2022
Completed · SuccessThe uncrewed first flight of NASA's Space Launch System and Orion spacecraft, sent around the Moon and back to test the systems for a later crewed launch.
Launched 2022
Partial Success · Partial SuccessA CubeSat that flew past the Moon after the Artemis I launch but could not reach the low polar orbit from which it was to map water ice.
Launched 2022
Active missionSouth Korea's first mission beyond Earth orbit, a lunar polar orbiter also known as the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter.
Launched 2022
Active missionA 25 kg spacecraft sent to fly and prove the near-rectilinear halo orbit intended for a future crewed lunar outpost.
Launched 2020
Completed · SuccessChina's first lunar sample return: a lander that drilled and scooped regolith in Oceanus Procellarum and delivered 1.731 kg of it to Earth.
Launched 2020
Active missionNASA's active Mars 2020 mission operates the Perseverance rover in Jezero Crater, searching for signs of ancient microbial life and caching rock and regolith samples.
Launched 2019
Active missionIndia's second lunar mission, whose orbiter continues to operate after the Vikram lander was lost during its descent.
Launched 2019
Failed · FailureA privately funded Israeli lander that reached lunar orbit before crashing during its descent to the surface.
Launched 2018
Active missionThe first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, which delivered the Yutu-2 rover into Von Karman crater.
Launched 2018
Completed · SuccessA Chinese microsatellite that reached lunar orbit for low-frequency radio astronomy and returned images of the Earth beyond the Moon.
Launched 2018
Active missionA Chinese relay satellite placed in a halo orbit beyond the Moon so that a lander on the far side could keep in contact with Earth.
Launched 2016
Active missionNASA's first mission to collect a sample from an asteroid and return it to Earth. Launched 8 September 2016 on an Atlas V 411, OSIRIS-REx arrived at near-Earth asteroid Bennu on 3 December 2018, entered orbit on 31 December 2018, collected regolith at the Nightingale site during a Touch-And-Go event on 20 October 2020, departed Bennu on 10 May 2021, and delivered its sample return capsule to the Utah Test and Training Range on 24 September 2023. The capsule held 121.6 grams of Bennu material. The spacecraft itself did not land; it was renamed OSIRIS-APEX and redirected to asteroid Apophis.
Launched 2014
Completed · SuccessA Chinese circumlunar test flight that proved the high-speed atmospheric re-entry needed for a later lunar sample return.
Launched 2013
Completed · SuccessThe first soft landing on the Moon in 37 years, which delivered the Yutu rover to Mare Imbrium.
Launched 2013
Completed · SuccessA NASA orbiter that studied the Moon's tenuous exosphere and dust environment from low altitude before a planned impact.
Launched 2011
Completed · SuccessTwin NASA orbiters that flew in formation to map the Moon's gravitational field in unprecedented detail before impacting the surface together.
Launched 2011
Active missionNASA New Frontiers orbiter studying Jupiter from a highly elliptical near-polar orbit since July 2016, measuring the planet's gravity and magnetic fields, deep-atmosphere water and ammonia, and its polar magnetosphere and aurorae; in its extended mission it has also made close passes of Ganymede, Europa, Io and the inner moon Thebe.
Launched 2010
Completed · SuccessChina's second lunar orbiter, which mapped the Moon at higher resolution before leaving it to fly past the asteroid Toutatis.
Launched 2009
Completed · SuccessA NASA mission that steered a spent upper stage into a permanently shadowed south polar crater and flew through the plume to look for water.
Launched 2009
Active missionNASA robotic lunar polar orbiter launched on 18 June 2009 that maps the Moon's surface topography, temperature, composition and radiation environment, with emphasis on the polar regions and on identifying safe landing sites and resources such as water ice. Still operating in 2026, it is described by NASA as the longest-lived lunar orbiting mission ever.
Launched 2008
Completed · Partial SuccessIndia's first lunar mission, which carried a Moon Impact Probe and returned evidence of water on the lunar surface.
Launched 2007
Completed · SuccessChina's first lunar mission, which imaged the whole Moon before being sent to a controlled impact on the surface.
Launched 2007
Completed · SuccessA Japanese lunar orbiter that mapped the Moon's topography and gravity, accompanied by two small relay and radio-science subsatellites.
Launched 2007
Active missionTwo of the five THEMIS spacecraft, repurposed years after launch and moved into lunar orbit to study the Moon's interaction with the solar wind from two vantage points.
Launched 2006
Active missionNASA's active New Horizons mission performed the first close exploration of Pluto and later flew past Arrokoth, the most distant object explored up close.
Launched 2004
Completed · SuccessNASA Discovery-class orbiter, built and operated by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, that became the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. After one Earth, two Venus and three Mercury gravity-assist flybys it entered Mercury orbit on 18 March 2011 UTC, characterised the planet's surface composition, geological history, magnetic field and exosphere, verified water ice in permanently shadowed polar craters, and ended by impacting Mercury on 30 April 2015 after exhausting its propellant.
Launched 2004
Completed · SuccessESA's Rosetta was the first mission to rendezvous with a comet, the first to follow one around the Sun, and the first to deploy a lander to a comet's surface. Launched 2 March 2004 on an Ariane 5 G+ from Kourou, it used three Earth gravity assists and one Mars gravity assist, flew past asteroids Steins and Lutetia, hibernated for 31 months, and arrived at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on 6 August 2014. It released the Philae lander on 12 November 2014 and ended with a controlled descent onto the comet on 30 September 2016.
Launched 2003
Completed · SuccessThe first European mission to the Moon, and a demonstration of solar-electric ion propulsion on a journey that spiralled outward from Earth orbit.
Launched 1998
Lost · FailureNASA's Mars Climate Orbiter was to be the first interplanetary weather satellite at Mars and a communications relay for the Mars Polar Lander. Launched 11 December 1998 on a Delta II from Cape Canaveral, it was lost on 23 September 1999 during the Mars Orbit Insertion burn. The Mishap Investigation Board found the root cause was the failure to use metric units in a ground software file, "Small Forces", used in trajectory models: thruster impulse data was delivered in pound-seconds instead of the specified newton-seconds, low by a factor of 4.45, driving the spacecraft roughly 170 km lower than planned at Mars arrival.
Launched 1998
Completed · SuccessA NASA orbiter that surveyed the Moon's composition and polar hydrogen before being deliberately crashed into a south polar crater.
Launched 1997
Completed · SuccessThe joint NASA, ESA, and ASI mission placed Cassini in orbit around Saturn and delivered ESA's Huygens probe to the surface of Titan.
Launched 1994
Completed · Partial SuccessA joint Defense Department and NASA mission that mapped the Moon in eleven wavelengths before a malfunction ended its planned asteroid encounter.
Launched 1990
Completed · SuccessA Japanese engineering mission that tested aerobraking and lunar swingby techniques and released a small orbiter into lunar orbit.
Launched 1989
Completed · SuccessNASA mission, with participation by the Federal Republic of Germany, comprising a Jupiter orbiter and an atmospheric entry probe deployed from Space Shuttle Atlantis in October 1989. Flying a Venus-Earth-Earth gravity-assist trajectory, it made the first close flybys of asteroids (951 Gaspra and 243 Ida), observed the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts on Jupiter, delivered the first probe into a giant planet's atmosphere on 7 December 1995, and orbited Jupiter until it was deliberately steered into the planet on 21 September 2003 to avoid contaminating Europa.
Launched 1989
Completed · SuccessNASA's Magellan orbiter mapped Venus with synthetic aperture radar from 1990 to 1994. Deployed from Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-30R, it entered Venus orbit on 10 August 1990, imaged about 98 percent of the surface over three 243-day mapping cycles, then collected a global gravity field, performed the first planetary aerobraking demonstration, and was deliberately flown into the Venusian atmosphere; radio contact was lost on 12 October 1994.
Launched 1977
Active missionNASA's Voyager 1 flew past Jupiter and Saturn before becoming the first human-made object to enter interstellar space, where its extended mission continues.
Launched 1977
Active missionNASA's Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have visited all four giant planets at close range and now continues its extended mission in interstellar space.
Launched 1976
Completed · SuccessThe last Soviet lunar mission and the third to return a sample, drilling deep into Mare Crisium and delivering the core to Earth.
Launched 1975
Failed · FailureA flight identified as a Soviet lunar sample return attempt, lost during launch.
Launched 1974
Failed · Partial SuccessA Soviet sample return attempt whose drilling apparatus was damaged on landing, leaving the lander to operate without returning a sample.
Launched 1974
Completed · SuccessA long-lived Soviet lunar orbiter that imaged the surface and measured the Moon's shape, gravity and magnetic field.
Launched 1973
Completed · SuccessA radio astronomy observatory placed in lunar orbit so that the Moon would shield it from terrestrial radio interference.
Launched 1973
Completed · SuccessNASA's Pioneer 11 was the first spacecraft to fly past Saturn, reaching it after a Jupiter gravity assist, and left the Solar System on an escape trajectory.
Launched 1973
Completed · SuccessThe Soviet mission that delivered Lunokhod 2 to Le Monnier crater, where the rover drove further across the Moon than any vehicle before it.
Launched 1972
Completed · SuccessNASA's Apollo 17 was a crewed mission to the Moon: the final Apollo landing, in the Taurus-Littrow valley, with the Lunar Roving Vehicle.
Launched 1972
Failed · FailureThe fourth test of the Soviet N-1 rocket, carrying the LOK lunar orbital craft intended as the mother ship for a crewed landing.
Launched 1972
Completed · SuccessNASA's Apollo 16 was a crewed mission to the Moon: a landing in the Descartes highlands with the Lunar Roving Vehicle.
Launched 1972
Completed · SuccessA Soviet mission that drilled and returned a sample from the lunar highlands near Mare Fecunditatis.
Launched 1971
Completed · SuccessA Soviet lunar orbiter that surveyed the Moon's surface, gravitational field and surrounding plasma for more than a year.
Launched 1971
Failed · FailureA Soviet lunar sample return attempt lost when communications ceased at the moment of landing.
Launched 1971
Completed · SuccessNASA's Apollo 15 was a crewed mission to the Moon: the first mission to carry the Lunar Roving Vehicle, landing in the Mare Imbrium region at the foot of the Apennines.
Launched 1971
Completed · SuccessNASA's Apollo 14 was a crewed mission to the Moon: the third crewed landing, in the Fra Mauro highlands.
Launched 1970
Completed · SuccessThe Soviet mission that delivered Lunokhod 1, the first roving vehicle to operate on another world, to Mare Imbrium.
Launched 1970
Completed · SuccessA Soviet circumlunar flight that photographed the Moon and Earth before returning its capsule to Earth.